ANS 331: Exam 3 Study Guide

Describe, compare and contrast the types and subtypes of muscle.
Describe the subcellular structure of skeletal muscle?
Explain the mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction.
How is muscle arranged and harnessed?
How can you vary contraction strength?
What is the difference between contraction and contracture?
Know the chambers and valves of the heart and the vessels that enter 
	and leave those chambers.
Describe the coverings of the heart.
Describe the flow of blood through the heart and the pumping action 
	of the cardiac cycle.
Describe the conduction of a stimulatory impulse through the heart.
Explain the causes of normal heart sounds.
Describe a normal electrocardiogram and explain its principal features.
Describe the structure and types of blood vessels.
What are the functions of lymph and lymph nodes?
Understand the relationship among blood flow, pressure, and resistance.
Understand the mechanisms and factors that are involved in capillary exchange.
What are the components and functions of blood?
Describe the structure and function of hemoglobin?
What are the types and functions of leukocytes?
Discuss the formation of a platelet plug as a hemostatic mechanism.
Explain the process of blood clotting and distinguish 
	between the extrinsic and intrinsic clotting mechanism.
Describe the anatomical structure and functions of the respiratory system.
Describe the factors responsible for changing lung volume and the flow 
	of air in or out of  the lungs during inspiration and/or expiration.
Discuss the factors that influence pulmonary airflow.
Explain the various lung volumes that are combined into the total lung capacity.
Describe the types of respiratory clearance.
Describe the process by which gas exchange occurs between the lungs and blood, 
	and between the blood and tissues.
Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood.
Discuss the neural mechanisms involved in the control of respiration.
Describe the roles of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ions in the control 
	of  respiration.
What are the general functions of the kidney?
Name the components of the urinary system.
Describe the gross anatomical and microscopic structures of the kidney.
Explain the process and control of glomerular filtration.
Explain the processes of tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion.
Explain how the kidneys produce different concentrations and volumes of urine.
What is the physiological mechanism of micturition?
What is the endocrinology of kidney function.
How do the Renal and Respiratory Systems control pH in the body.
List the principle components of the digestive system, 
	and cite the chief function of each.
Describe the microscopic and grow anatomy of the components of the digestive system.
List the types of teeth, and cite the specific functions of each.
List the basic layers of the wall of the gastrointestinal tract.
What are the accessory digestive organs, and cite the functions of each?
Describe the factors involved in mastication and deglutition.
Describe the process of emesis.
Describe the factors that influence gastric motility.
Explain the movements that occur in the large intestine.
Compare and contrast ruminant and nonruminant digestive physiology.
What are the components and functions of the ruminant stomach.
Explain the functions and control of the salivary secretions.
Discuss the types and control of gastric secretions.
Discuss the types and control of secretions into the small intestines.
Discuss the digestive and absorptive functions of the large intestine.
Describe the process of rumination.
Describe gas production and eructation in ruminants.